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INTRANSITIVE VERBS AS TRANSITIVE VERBS

INTRANSITIVE VERBS AS TRANSITIVE VERBS

When an intransitive verb is used in a causative sense, it becomes transitive.

Study the examples given below.

The horse walks. (Intransitive)

The man walks the horse. (Transitive – here the man causes the horse to walk.)

Birds fly. (Intransitive)

The boys fly their kites. (Transitive)

The spellings of certain common verbs indicate whether they are transitive or intransitive.

Many trees fell in the storm. (Intransitive)

Woodcutters felled the trees. (Transitive)

Lie still. (Intransitive)

Lay the basket on the table. (Transitive)

Rise early with the lark. (Intransitive)

Raise your hands. (= Cause your hands to rise.)

Sit here.

Set the lamp on the table.

Some intransitive verbs become transitive when a preposition is added to them.

His friends laughed at him. (Laugh is an intransitive verb and does not take any object. Laugh at is a transitive verb and takes the object ‘him’.)

He soon ran through his fortune. (The verb run is intransitive whereas run through is transitive. To run through one’s fortune is to use it rapidly.)

Please look into the matter carefully.

I wish for nothing.

Sometimes the preposition is prefixed to the verb.

He overcame his enemy. (Come is an intransitive verb, but overcome is transitive.)

He bravely withstood the attack. (Stand is an intransitive verb, but withstand is transitive.)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE WORKSHEET

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE WORKSHEET

MAKE SENTENCES IN THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE USING THE VERB GIVEN IN THE BRACKETS.

We make past continuous tense forms by putting was or werebefore the -ing form of the verb. Was is used with singular subjects.Were is used with plural subjects.

1. The boy ————————— (sleep).

2. I ———————– (read) when the lights went out.

3. She ———————– (wash) the clothes.

4. I ————————- (cook) dinner when the visitors arrived.

5. Julia ————————- (do) her homework at 8 pm.

6. James ————————– (repair) the car.

7. Janet ————————- (rehearse) for the play.

8. Sophia ————————– (wait) for the bus.

9. The birds ————————– (chirp).

10. The boys ———————— (learn) their lesson.

11. She ———————— (get) dressed.

12. He ————————– (search) for his purse.

13. The cat ————————- (chase) the mouse.

14. It ————————- (rain).

15. The wind —————————– (blow) fiercely.

16. The dogs —————————– (bark).

Answers

1. The boy was sleeping.

2. I was reading when the lights went out.

3. She was washing the clothes.

4. I was cooking dinner when the visitors arrived.

5. Julia was doing her homework at 8 pm.

6. James was repairing the car.

7. Janet was rehearsing for the play.

8. Sophia was waiting for the bus.

9. The birds were chirping.

10. The boys were learning their lesson.

11. She was getting dressed.

12. He was searching for his purse.

13. The cat was chasing the mouse.

14. It was raining.

15. The wind was blowing fiercely.

16. The dogs were barking.

Home - onlineteaching for kids

Home - onlineteaching for kids

COMPARISON EXERCISE

COMPARISON EXERCISE

Use a suitable adjective in its correct form and complete the following sentences

1. The elephant is ……………………. land animal.

a) the big
b) the bigger
c) the biggest

2. The cheetah is …………………….. animal.

a) the fast
b) the faster
c) the fastest

3. The tortoise has a ………………. lifespan than any other animal.

a) long
b) longer
c) longest

4. Mt. Everest is ………………… peak in the world.

a) the high
b) the higher
c) the highest

5. Asia is …………………… than Africa.

a) big
b) bigger
c) biggest

6. China has ………………… population in the world.

a) large
b) the largest
c) the larger

7. One gram is …………………. than a kilo.

a) light
b) lighter
c) lightest

8. The Nile is ……………….. than any other river.

a) long
b) longer
c) longest

9. Greenland is …………….. island.

a) the large
b) the larger
c) the largest

ANSWERS

1. The elephant is the biggest land animal.

2. The cheetah is the fastest animal.

3. The tortoise has a longer lifespan than any other animal.

4. Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the world.

5. Asia is larger than Africa.

6. China has the largest population in the world.

7. One gram is lighter than a kilo.

8. The Nile is longer than any other river.

9. Greenland is the largest island.

COMBINE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

COMBINE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

Combine the following sentences

1. They caught the thief. They handed him over to the police. (Use having)

2. The thief heard a noise. He ran away. (Use hearing)

3. He is very fat. He cannot walk fast. (Use too)

4. She was very tired. She could not stand up. (Use so that)

5. She left home at 4. She hasn’t arrived yet. (Use although)

6. The tortoise was slow. He beat the hare in the race. (Use though)

7. You will not be able to meet him. You have to be there before 3 pm. (Use unless or if)

8. You may work very hard. Still you cannot please him. (Use however)

9. He is ill. He attends office regularly. (Use in spite of)

10. I bought some apples yesterday. They were good. (Use which)

Answers

1. Having caught the thief, they handed him over to the police.

2. Hearing a noise, the thief ran away.

3. He is too fat to walk fast.

4. She was so tired that she could not stand up.

5. Although she left home at 4, she hasn’t arrived yet.

6. Though the tortoise was slow, he beat the hare in the race.

7. Unless you reach there before 3 pm, you will not be able to meet him. / If you do not reach there before 3 pm, you will not be able to meet him.

8. However hard you may work, you cannot please him.

9. In spite of his illness, he attends office regularly.

10. The apples that I bought yesterday were good.

DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH: GENERAL RULES

DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH: GENERAL RULES

When we report something usin the exact words of the speaker, we use direct speech. When we report something in our own words, we use indirect speech.

Direct speech: The boy said, ‘I’m happy with my results.’
Indirect speech: The boy said that he was happy with his results.

General rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech

Omit all inverted commas or quotation marks. End the sentence with a full stop.

If the verb inside the inverted commas/quotation marks is in the present tense, change it into the corresponding past tense. If it is in the simple past tense, change it into the past perfect tense.

Direct speech: The girl said, ‘I like singing.’
Indirect speech: The girl said that she liked singing.

Direct speech: Rahul said, ‘I will have to reach home by 8.30.’
Indirect speech: Rahul said that he would have to reach home by 8.30.

Direct speech: Alina said, ‘I met James yesterday.’
Indirect speech: Alina said that she had met James yesterday.

When the verb inside the quotation marks expresses a universal truth, we do not normally change it into the past tense.

He said, ‘All people have equal rights.’
He said that all people have equal rights. (More natural than ‘He said that all people had equal rights.’)

Use pronouns appropriately.

Study the examples given below.

Direct speech: The boy told the girl, ‘I told you that we were not going on a holiday.’
Indirect speech: The boy told the girl that he had told her that theywere not going on a holiday.

Notes

When the reporting verb is in a present or future tense, we do not change the tense of the verb inside the quotation marks.

Direct speech: She says, ‘I will come.’
Indirect speech: She says that she will come.

REPORTING DIFFERENT KINDS OF SENTENCES

REPORTING DIFFERENT KINDS OF SENTENCES

 REPORTING STATEMENTS

Put ‘that’ before the reported statement.

Use the reporting verb ‘said’ or ‘told’. Note that the verb ‘told’ should be followed by an object. The verb ‘said’ cannot be followed by an object.

Direct speech: Rohan said, ‘I like this music.’
Indirect speech: Rohan said that he liked that music.

Direct speech: Alice said, ‘James, I want you to attend the function.’
Indirect speech: Alice told James that she wanted him to attend the function. (NOT Alice said James…)

REPORTING WH-QUESTIONS

Omit the question mark.

Put the subject of the question before the verb.

Use a reporting verb like asked, requested, or wanted to know.
Put an object after the reporting verb.

Direct speech: ‘What are you doing?’ asked his father.
Indirect speech: His father asked him what he was doing. (NOT His father asked him what was he doing.)

REPORTING YES-NO QUESTIONS

Omit the question mark.

Introduce the reported question with whether or if.

Put the subject of the Yes-No question before the verb.

Use the reporting verb asked.

Direct speech: ‘Are you happy?’ he asked her.
Indirect speech: He asked her if she was happy.

REPORTING IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Put ‘to’ before the reported command or request.

Use a reporting verb like asked, told, ordered, requested, urged, advised or begged.

‘Alice, bring me a chair,’ said her father.
Alice’s father asked her to bring him a chair.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORM

[am/is/are + present participle]

Examples:

• You are watching TV.
• Are you watching TV?
• You are not watching TV.

USE 1 Now

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Examples:

• You are learning English now.
• You are not swimming now.
• Are you sleeping?
• I am sitting.
• I am not standing.
• Is he sitting or standing?
• They are reading their books.
• They are not watching television.
• What are you doing?
• Why aren't you doing your homework?

USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now

In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.

Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)

• I am studying to become a doctor.
• I am not studying to become a dentist.
• I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
• I am not reading any books right now.
• Are you working on any special projects at work?
• Aren't you teaching at the university now?

USE 3 Near Future

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.

Examples:

• I am meeting some friends after work.
• I am not going to the party tonight.
• Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
• Isn't he coming with us tonight?

USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

• She is always coming to class late.
• He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
• I don't like them because they are always complaining.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings forMixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present.

Examples:

She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct

She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You are still watching TV.

Are you still watching TV?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Active

Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. Passive

CHANGE THE VERB INTO THE CORRECT FORM
1. Anna  (rest) right now.
2. I  (talk) on the phone at this moment.
3. Bella  (cook) dinner now.
4. They  (help) the teacher right now.
5. He  (run) very fast!
6. Julia  (bake) a chocolate cake at the moment.
7. I  (have) fun!
8. You  (dance) very nicely.
9. They  (answer) all the questions.
10. John  (eat) Salad, and I am eating fish.
11. Marta  (drive), and Chris is sleeping (sleep).
12. It  (rain).
13. I  (write) my homework.
14. We  (work) on the new show right now.
15. Kate  (lie) in bed now.

CHECK

http://www.agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-continuous.htm

PRESENT TENSE

PRESENT TENSE

The present tense indicates that the action is done at the present time. Present tense usually refers to present time but it can also be used to describe past and future events.

Look at the following examples :

1. I write a letter. (present event)
2. She leaves for England next month. (future event)
3. He is coming on next Monday. (future event)
4. Napoleon now marches on Moscow. (past event) 
   (This is called the historical present or historic present. In the historical present, the present tense is used to narrate events that occurred in the past )

Kinds of present tense

There are four kinds of present tense.

1. Present simple tense or Present Indefinite.
2. Present continuous tense or Present progressive.
3. Present perfect tense
4. Present Perfect continuous tense

Present simple tense

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is habitual, fact or universal truth.

• What is the Present simple tense?
• Structure: How to make the Present simple?

Present continuous tense

The present continuous tense is used to express an action that is still going on.

• What is the Present continuous tense?
• Structure: How to make the Present continuous?

Present perfect tense

The present perfect tense is used to express an action completed just now.

• What is the Present perfect tense?
• Structure: How to make the Present perfect?

Present perfect continuous tense

It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that started in past and is still ongoing..

• What is the Present perfect continuous tense?
• Structure: How to make the Present perfect continuous?