TIPS TO HELP YOU RECOGNIZE PARTS OF SPEECH

TIPS TO HELP YOU RECOGNIZE PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUN The word is probably a noun if:

! You can make it plural or singular (one book, two books)

! You can make it possessive (book, book's pages; girl, girls' dresses)

! It can follow a prepositional phrase such as to the, with the, from the.

! You can place the word a, an, or the in front of it.

PRONOUN The word is probably a pronoun if:

! You can substitute the word for a noun

Examples: me, mine, you, he, her, it, we, these, one, everybody (not a complete list)

ADJECTIVE The word is probably an adjective if:

! You can add er or est to the word (happy--happier--happiest)

! You can use more or most in front of it (beautiful--more beautiful--most beautiful)

! You can use the words very or quite in front of it (she wore a very bright, daring costume)

VERB The word is probably a verb if:

! You can use will, shall, can, could, may, might, must, should, or would in front of the word.

Examples: will come, could go, would miss

ADVERB The word is probably an adverb if:

! There is an ly suffix (happily)

! The word or phrase can be moved to another place in the sentence and still make sense

Examples: He usually goes to school. -or-

Usually, he goes to school. -or-

He goes to school usually.

PREPOSITION These words must be followed by a noun object. Prepositions only occur in

prepositional phrases. (This is not a complete list)

above as by except over upon

across because of concerning near past via

against before despite of since with

along behind down off from within

amid between due to on below throughout

among beyond during out under through

around but at outside until for

CONJUNCTION The word is probably a conjunction if:

! The word serves as a connector between words, phrases, or clauses. (There are coordinating

correlating, and subordinating conjunctions.*)

Example: He was not handsome, yet he was a very successful actor.

The young boy ran quickly down the street, and he yelled, "Help!"

art. adj. noun verb adverb prep. art. noun conj. ∴ verb interjection

pronoun

PARTS OF SPEECH

PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUN: A word that names a person, place, thing, idea, animal, quality, or action. Nouns function as the subject

of the sentence. They also function as objects, complements, appositives, and modifiers, as well as in direct address.

Examples: child, John, New York, books, pizza, love, pony, generosity

Edwin, my brother, is a professional musician.

PRONOUN: A word that takes the position of a noun and functions as nouns do.

Examples: he, she, it myself, me, theirs, ours, we, you, yours

He attended a luncheon in his honor on Wednesday.

ADJECTIVE: A word that modifes, qualifies or describes nouns and pronouns. Generally, adjectives appear

immediately before the words they modify.

Examples: pretty girl, talented doctor, young athlete, blue book

The small child begged for a bedtime story.

VERB: A word denoting action, occurrence, or existence.

Examples: ran, jump, shout, sweat, thinks, feels, sleeps, eat, laugh, are, is, was, has

The President met with foreign diplomats on Tuesday.

ADVERB: A word that modifies verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. An "ly" ending almost always changes an

adjective to an adverb.

Examples: spoke quickly, ran hastily, worked frantically

Kelly reluctantly agreed to serve on my committee.

Many adverbs do not end in "ly." However, all adverbs identify when, where, how, how far, how much, etc.

Examples: hang low, stand straight, added wrong, study hard

Kelly never loses her temper.

PREPOSITION: A word that establishes a relationship between its object and another word in the sentence.

The relationship can be one of time, space, direction, place accompaniment, cause, or manner.

Examples: on, between, down, in, of, since, to (not a complete list)

Jack sat beside Jill on the bus.

CONJUNCTION: A word that functions as a connector between words, phrases, and clauses. There are

coordinating, correlating, and subordinating conjunctions.*

Examples: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (coordinating)

when, until after, before, although (subordinating)

I work part-time although I don't need the money.

ARTICLE: A word that is used before a noun and functions as an adjective

Examples: The (definite article), a and an (indefinite articles)

The bees that were on the flowers stung Kaye.

A man gave us directions to the airport.

[A is used before a noun beginning with a consonant sound]

An article in the paper caught my attention.

[An is used before a noun beginning with a vowel sound]

INTERJECTION: An exclamation expressing emotion.

Examples: Wow! Help! Stop! Ouch!

Wow! Look at all the snow.

Sentence Pattern

Sentence Pattern
What is sentence pattern?
Systematic arrangement of words in a sentence meaningfully is sentence pattern.
There are five basic patterns. They are:
1. SV ( Subject + Verb )
2. SVO ( Subject + Verb + Object )
3. SVIODO ( Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object )
4. SVC ( Subject + Verb + Complement )
5. SVOC ( Subject + Verb + Object + Complement )

SUBJECT: Subject is a word or group of words in a sentence about which something is said.
VERB: Verb is a word or phrase expressing existence, action or occurrence.
COMPLEMENT: Complement is a word or phrase that usually come after a ‘be’ verb such as am, is, are, was and were to make the sense complete.
Sometimes COMPLEMENT comes after certain verbs such as become, turn, look, appear, feel, etc. OBJECT: Object is a word or phrase in a sentence towards which the action of the verbal element is directed.

If there are two objects in a sentence, the answer for the question WHAT? is DIRECT OBJECT(DO) and WHOM? is INDIRECT OBJECT (IDO).

 I. SV ( Subject + Verb )
Subject Verb
The bird flies.
The cattle are grazing.
The boy ran.
The girl was dancing.
 It will rain.

II. SVO ( Subject + Verb + Object )
 Subject Verb Object
The man sold his house.
My father is buying a new car.
His uncle runs a business.
Rahul loves his mother.
Madan spent all his money.

 III. SVIODO ( Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object )
Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object
 The teacher taught us grammar.
My mother presented my friend a gift.
Rakesh wrote to his parents a letter.
My friend sent me a message
Sarvesh gave her advice.

IV. SVC ( Subject + Verb + Complement )
Subject Verb Complement
The rose is flower.
Football is a game.
Monica looked bewildered
Rajan remained a bachelor.
Mr. Kamalesh is an LIC agent.

 V. SVOC ( Subject + Verb + Object + Complement )
Subject Verb Object Complement
The parents named the child Angeline.
The Committee elected Krish their leader.
He painted his house yellow.
 They appointed him the captain.
 This programme will keep the audience spell bound.

Note: There are 144 patterns totally. They can be formed adding “Adjunct” to the basic patterns. ADJUNCT is the optional element in the sentence. It answers the questions How? Why? When? Where? (Note: The removal of adjunct would not harm the sense of the sentence)

VI. SVA ( Subject + Verb + Adjunct )
Subject Verb Adjunct
Mahesh got up early.
The Prime Minister arrives tomorrow.
Mani writes beautifully.
The accused will be tried next month.
My father works in Bangalore.

VII. SVOA ( Subject + Verb + Object + Adjunct )
Subject Verb Object Adjunct
The school organizes a tour to North India.
 The new Principal stated his policy clearly.
Everyone attends the meeting regularly.
 People throw the garbage on the road.
My daughter plays key board very well.

VIII. SVOAA ( Subject + Verb + Object + Adjunct + Adjunct )
Subject Verb Object Adjunct Adjunct
The peon rang the bell at 5 o’ clock in the evening.
The court began its session late in the morning.
The CEO will visit our school frequently this year.
The poor received help from the government today.
The Inspector enquired the criminal very pleasantly in the station.

IX. SVOCA ( Subject + Verb + Object + Complement + Adjunct )
 Subject Verb Object Complement Adjunct
The Rotarians elected Prabhakar President last month.
They made Shankar the chief of the council.
The parents named her Agnel through baptism.
The committee made me secretary of the school.
 They painted the museum red purposely.

 X. ASV ( Adjunct + Subject + Verb )
Adjunct Subject Verb
Now You may go.
Quickly they returned.
Tonight we shall relax.
Early morning they leave.
These days selfish people prosper.

XI. ASVO (Adjunct + Subject + Verb + Object )
 Adjunct Subject Verb Object
Every day he sends message.
Once a month I meet my parents.
Last time India won the world cup.
Every morning he recites the mantra.
Once while we must take rest.

XII. ASVC (Adjunct + Subject + Verb + Complement )
Adjunct Subject Verb Complement
 Usually she gets angry.
Occasionally he becomes restless.
Generally the boss is punctual.
Unfortunately the girl was sick.
Rarely the Doctor becomes uneasy.

XII. ASVIODO (Adjunct + Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object )
Adjunct Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object
Yesterday she gave me a gift.
Last Monday Kala sent him a greeting card.
Last year the school gave the teachers mementoes.
Every year the govt. gives the students uniform.
This morning our teacher taughtus mathematics.

 XIII. ASVIODO (Adjunct + Subject + Verb + Object + Complement + Adjunct )
Adjunct Subject Verb Object Complement Adjunct
Yesterday the priest named her Beautrice in the church.
 Last week the CM called his minister efficient during the function.
Next month we will make Ganesh chairman of our company.
Tomorrow the committee will elect Sachin captain of our cricket team.
Last night Motilal dreamt a dream a hearty dream about his success.

XIV. AASVC (Adjunct + Adjunct + Subject + Verb + Complement)
Adjunct Adjunct Subject Verb Complement
Last week in CTS Leo was made a team leader.
Every morning in the assembly the students remain quiet.
In summer during May the Sun shines bright.
During winter in July the days are very chill.
 In the jungle in dark walking becomes difficult