PARTS OF SPEECH - A COMPLETE VIEW

PARTS OF SPEECH

Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
 

Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next. The next few examples show how a word's part of speech can change from one sentence to the next, and following them is a series of sections on the individual parts of speech, followed by an exercise.

Books are made of ink, paper, and glue.

In this sentence, "books" is a noun, the subject of the sentence.

Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets.

Here "books" is a verb, and its subject is "Bridget."

We walk down the street.

In this sentence, "walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we."

The mail carrier stood on the walk.

In this example, "walk" is a noun, which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood.

The town decided to build a new jail.

Here "jail" is a noun, which is the object of the infinitive phrase "to build."

The sheriff told us that if we did not leave town immediately he would jail us.

Here "jail" is part of the compound verb "would jail."

They heard high pitched cries in the middle of the night.

In this sentence, "cries" is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb "heard."

The baby cries all night long and all day long.

But here "cries" is a verb that describes the actions of the subject of the sentence, the baby.

PARTS OF SPEECH - TABLE

PART OF SPEECH	BASIC FUNCTION	EXAMPLES
Noun	names a person, place, or a thing	Indian, Ooty, ship
Pronoun	takes the place of a noun	I, you, he, she, it, ours, them, who
Verb	identifies action or state of being	sing, dance, believe, be
Adjective	modifies a noun	hot, lazy, funny, lucky
Adverb	modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb	softly, lazily, often, very
Preposition	shows a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence	up, over, against, by, for
Conjunction	joins words, phrases, and clauses	and, but, or, yet, else
Interjection	expresses emotion	Hurrah, ah, whoops, ouch

                               

ADDITIONAL REFERENCE

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1_U0yjbUQocJ_193pKtQcvymMmcoWpd1lPPGNqMQPMq4/edit#slide=id.g2a89bfe7a_00

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOXCWew6Eks

GRAMMAR: How to use present tenses

Basic English Grammar - Have, Has, Had

Learn English Listening Skills - How to understand native English speakers

Spoken English Leaning Video Spoken English Tutorial English Conversation

Learn English Through Stories - Subtitles: The Elephant Man (Level 1)

Essential Elements of an Honors Class

Essential Elements of an Honors Class

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4 Ways Honors Classes Are Different

I can’t speak for every honors program out there, but there are some common hallmarks of a great honors class. There’s a safe bet that if you’re accepted to an honors program, you can look forward to a classroom with these four unique qualities.

1) Reversed Classrooms

A reversed classroom frees students from the typical lecture-based format. That means instead of having someone talk atyou about course material, you get to discuss big ideas and important questions together.

"Honors students spend valuable class time wrestling with dificult questions."

This style of learning works because students read their assignments before class, so they can spend valuable class time wrestling with difficult questions, debating important points, and working through activities or simulations.

This is called a flipped classroom model. It happens to be one of the 8 core elements of an American Honors class, but it's common in many other honors programs, too.

2) Sophisticated Materials

A giant wall of notes on the screen? No fun.

A great classroom discussion can be facilitated by great teaching materials. Ever had a professor display a giant wall of notes on the screen and then simply read them out loud? No fun, right? That’s where better teaching materials can come into play.

Heres an example: when designing a recent history class, an American Honors professor adapted non-ADA compliant powerpoint slides to online “magazine” style pages that included relevant images and links to external resources for enhanced content. Students could actually explore the info on their own.

Honors faculty tend to share teaching methods. The professor from our example shared that material with American Honors faculty at every community college in the network. Honors communities tend to be supportive for everyone.

3) Hands-on Learning

Not everybody learns best just by talking through ideas, or even reading them. Sometimes you have to get your hands dirty and really experience something to understand it.

"Sometimes you have to experience something to understand it."

Here is a super fun example from an American Honors political science course this semester. Students enact a foreign policy simulation by role-playing as leaders of different countries. The simulation takes place over the course of several weeks while the professor writes fictional news updates based on current events. Students get to discuss the news and make decisions based on how they (and their country) would react.

Hands-on learning can be a lot of fun, but it’s also a way to geek out - which just might be what college is all about in the first place.

4) Quality Over Quantity

An honors education is about depth.

Ever felt like you were assigned homework just for the sake of giving you something to do?Fortunately, that doesn’t happen in honors classes.

That’s because an honors education is about depth. We’re not interested in assigning busywork to students. Instead, Honors classes help students attend to their learning in deeper ways--be it using different critical perspectives and theoretical lenses or through hands-on assignments that access multiple intelligences.

Heavy stuff. But so worth it! And weirdly fun, once you get into it.

Honors classes can sound intense. But don’t worry. Remember: if you got accepted, then you’re qualified.

So, does all that sound overwhelming, or exciting? Would getting into an honors program make you more likely to attend a college? If you didn’t get into an honors program at your school of choice, then maybe you should consider applying to just one more college.

Teach Further Maths

Parentheses

 

Parentheses

Parentheses (always used in pairs) allow a writer to provide additional information. The parenthetical material might be a single word, a fragment, or multiple complete sentences.

Whatever the material inside the parentheses, it must not be grammatically integral to the surrounding sentence. If it is, the sentence must be recast. This is an easy mistake to avoid. Simply read your sentence without the parenthetical content. If it makes sense, the parentheses are acceptable; if it doesn’t, the punctuation must be altered.

Correct: The president (and his assistant) traveled by private jet.

Incorrect: The president (and his assistant) were expected to arrive by 10:00 a.m.

Placement of other punctuation

When a parenthetical sentence stands on its own, the closing punctuation mark for the sentence is placed inside the closing parenthesis.

The idea that theoretical physics can be taught without reference to complex mathematics is patently absurd. (But don’t tell that to the publishers of such mathematics-free books—or the people who buy them.)

When parenthetical content occurs at the end of a larger sentence, the closing punctuation mark for the sentence is placed outside the closing parenthesis.

After three weeks on set, the cast was fed up with his direction (or, rather, lack of direction).

When parenthetical content occurs in the middle of a larger sentence, the surrounding punctuation should be placed outside the parentheses, exactly as it would be if the parenthetical content were not there.

We verified his law degree (Yale, class of 2002), but his work history remains unconfirmed.

When a complete sentence occurs in parentheses in the middle of a larger sentence, it should neither be capitalized nor end with a period—though a question mark or exclamation point is acceptable.

We verified his law degree (none of us thought he was lying about that) but not his billion-dollar verdict against Exxon (how gullible did he think we were?).

Specialized uses

Numbered or lettered lists should use a pair of parentheses to enclose the numbers or letters.

Please submit the following four items with your application: (1) a cover letter, (2) a resume, (3) a college transcript, and (4) a list of professional references.

Time zones are usually enclosed in parentheses following the time.

The conference call will be held at 9:00 a.m. (EST).

Area codes are sometimes enclosed in parentheses.

If you have any questions, please call me at (212) 555-7875.

Short translations in unquoted text can be placed in parentheses. (Use brackets for translations in quoted text.)

His knowledge of Portuguese is limited to obrigado (thank you) and adeus (goodbye).

In some writing, a person’s year of birth and year of death are provided in parentheses when the person is first mentioned. If there is uncertainty about the year, a question mark should follow it. Note that an en dash, rather than hyphen, is used between the years.

Guido Cavalcanti (1255?–1300) had a profound influence on the writings of Dante.

Abbreviations and acronyms

On the first use of an abbreviation or acronym that might not be understood by your readers, the full term can be provided in parentheses.

John Smith has been appointed CKO (chief knowledge officer) of the merged company.

In reverse, an acronym or abbreviation can be provided in parentheses upon its first use, and then used in place of the full term in the remainder of the document.

In conducting the study, researchers relied on positron emission tomography (PET) and, to a lesser extent, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

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